Teaching by great teachers.

Many of us, Dear Reader, love to teach. It was our love of teaching that brought us to academic medicine, and it is our love of teaching that continues to make us feel lucky to work in this profession. Among the many dedicated educators in academic psychiatry, some are truly exceptional. These individuals are the great teachers in our field whose work is set apart by its mix of perspective, rigor, charisma, creativity, and technique. The work of these great teachers is distinct most importantly for its effect on learners, ranging from salutary to transformative. Three articles in this issue of Academic Psychiatry (1–3) have been contributed by some of the truly great teachers we know. These teachers describe their passion for medical education and, as our readers will discover, they do so with a delightful diversity of writing styles. Joel Yager (1) presents a vision of the future of psychiatry insightfully, wittily, and wisely, with just enough irreverence to remind the reader, aka the learner, to pay close attention to his message. Glen Gabbard (2) has a heavier tone, communicating his heartfelt meaning in a serious and introspective way. Drs. Fidler, Trumbull, Ballon, Peterkin, Averbuch, and Katzman (3) together parade a series of innovative educational situations and theatrical exercises that result in an exhilaration from the quickly-changing scenes shown in sequence. Each manuscript tells a story. One imagines that these writing styles with which the authors have chosen to tell their story and to educate us are similar to the ones they use for seminars, supervision sessions, or attending rounds. In teaching, both in person and in the written word, these authors are offering up a bit of themselves. The great educator Parker Palmer (4) made the point that the great teacher brings his or her whole self into the room. He argued that separating the person from the message, the individual from life, is living a divided self (5). Similarly, David Leach (6), an influential leader and visionary in graduate medical education, noted that we teach through who we are. Residents notice whether teachers are “fully present to patients and to themselves,” he said, and “Good teachers teach from personal wholeness and guide the resident toward personal wholeness.” Leach (6) furthered Palmer’s concept in suggesting that to teach “is to create a space in which obedience to truth is practiced.” Indeed, in our view, teaching and learning are one shared endeavor, and great teachers inspire learners through a mutually-interactive process that informs and creates community. It is in this context of mutualism that the aspiration of “obedience to truth” is possible. The authors in the article-cluster “Teaching by Great Teachers” emphasize this concept, and the readership of Academic Psychiatry can appreciate their inclusion and participation in such a community. So: what makes a teacher great? Human characteristics that contribute to excellence in teaching include joy, compassion, respect for others, honesty, altruism, wisdom, creativity, integrity, self-awareness, and unpretentiousness (7). Skills in communication, organization, and in anticipating learner needs and viewpoints are also valuable, and some might suggest essential to the graceful and effective teacher. Yager (1) and Gabbard (2) both emphasize the importance of humanistic qualities in teaching. Yager (1) refers to a “bottom line” of psychiatry’s core values of honesty, integrity, compassion, and respect for patients. Among other qualities, Gabbard (2) emphasizes the centrality of compassion, altruism, and self-sacrifice in teaching. These virtues will endure, he suggests, and, in conjunction with teaching evidencebased medicine, will serve as cornerstones of ethics in psychiatric education (8). Fidler et al. (3) emphasize the value of creativity and engagement, and their work suggests how the juxtaposition of different kinds of experiences with clinical medicine can facilitate and consolidate learning. An evidence-base for understanding the attributes that contribute to excellence in clinical teaching includes surveys of learners. One recently published and comprehenReceived July 6, 2011. Dr. Roberts is editor-in-chief of Academic Psychiatry. Correspondence: [email protected] (e-mail). Copyright © 2011 Academic Psychiatry